Brazil study reveals 7 types of overthinking draining your energy

Many years ago, a person recalled celebrating a strange victory. They had spent only one day overthinking a problem.

The trigger was the end of another undefined relationship. They could feel the other person pulling away. Something had changed, but they did not have the answers. They were stuck in a painful, uncertain space.

For that day, they did what they always did. They replayed conversations in their head, searched for hidden meanings, imagined different scenarios, and mentally rehearsed what they would say if they could turn back time. They checked their phone more times than they could count and searched YouTube for answers. By the end of the day, they were mentally exhausted, but as usual, no closer to an answer.

What made this time feel like a victory was that the spiral lasted only one day. That might sound like a long time, but for them, it was progress. Their normal pattern was spending a week or more consumed by a single problem or a single person.

They remember thinking, “If I can reduce it to one day, surely I can reduce it to even less.” That inner knowing ended up changing everything. As it turns out, they could.

Potential rejection, ambiguous people, mistakes, and uncertainty were their biggest triggers. Whenever those triggers appeared, they would spiral and find themselves completely consumed by their thoughts. That often meant feeling anxious, distressed, and desperate for answers. On the outside, they seemed like a confident friend and colleague who had it together.

To cope, they would try to fix the problem in their head, talk about it endlessly with certain people, research and check things non-stop, and analyze the situation from every perspective imaginable. No matter how much thinking they did, they rarely felt any better.

Eventually, after losing themselves too many times and doing some soul searching, they became aware of their mental habits and the impact those habits were having. They knew something needed to change. They were able to step back enough to see that they were spending too much time in their own head and that it was becoming a problem. They branded themselves a professional overthinker.

Recognizing your overthinking is a win. It means you have moved from being on autopilot and trapped inside your head to being aware of this all-consuming habit. Many people who openly call themselves professional overthinkers do not feel able to stop a spiral.

A key part of overcoming overthinking is recognizing the specific overthinking styles you fall into. Overthinking styles are the different ways that overthinking shows up. They are not about the exact content of your thoughts but the pattern your mind follows when it gets stuck.

Seven Styles of Overthinking

Worry. Your mind quickly jumps ahead to all the things that might go wrong in the future. You are not only imagining problems and worst-case scenarios, but you are also planning and trying to prepare or prevent them. This is most often related to ‘what if’ hypothetical scenarios. A helpful question to ask is: Is this a real problem I need to deal with right now, or a hypothetical worry my mind is trying to prepare for?

Rumination. This is when your mind keeps going back over and over the past. You recall things that upset you or try to make sense of things that have happened. You replay conversations, decisions, or mistakes, trying to figure things out. You are analyzing what you should have said or done differently and why things went the way they did. A helpful question is: Am I learning something new, or am I replaying the same information again?

Threat Monitoring. You will know this is happening when you feel yourself on high alert. You are someone that scans your internal or external world for something being wrong. Instead of relaxing into situations, you are always watching for signs of danger, rejection, or things going off track, even in normal everyday moments. Internally, you notice every sensation or mood and think something bad is happening. Externally, you are looking for signs and red flags. A helpful reminder is: Just because my mind is looking for a threat does not mean there is one.

Fix-It Mode. This one disguises itself as positive. It is when you feel like you have to solve your thoughts or feelings straight away, as if you are a problem that needs fixing. You do not just sit with uncertainty. You start analyzing it from every angle, convincing yourself of different explanations, weighing up all the alternatives, and trying to “think your way” into the right answer. It can even turn into overthinking self-help itself, where you endlessly try to figure out the perfect mindset or solution but still end up giving your attention to the trigger instead of actually feeling better or moving forward. A helpful question is: What if I did not need to solve this right now?

Self-Criticism. This is when you give yourself a hard time, put yourself down, and dismiss your own value. Instead of just noticing a mistake, change, or issue, your mind starts judging you for it, telling you that you should have done better, or that something is wrong with you because of it. It is usually relentless. A helpful question is: If a friend were in my position, would I speak to them this way?

Self-Focused Attention. This style has strong crossovers with threat monitoring. It is essentially becoming very self-conscious. This style is when your attention turns inward too much. Instead of being present in the current moment, you become overly aware of yourself—how you are coming across, what you are saying, or how you are being perceived by others. You might wonder whether you are sounding intelligent enough, whether you are being awkward, whether you are talking too much, or whether the other person likes you. In social situations, it can feel like you are constantly watching yourself through the eyes of others. A helpful action is to gently redirect your attention outward toward the present moment and environment.

Intrusive Thoughts. This style includes thoughts, images, urges, or mental scenarios that seem to pop into your mind out of nowhere. They can be strange, uncomfortable, embarrassing, or even disturbing. One moment you are getting on with your day, and the next your mind throws an intrusive thought at you. Intrusive thoughts are a normal part of being human. Almost everyone experiences them from time to time. However, some people have an intrusive thought, find it odd, and move on. Others get hooked by it, and that is when the overthinking takes over. A helpful reminder is: A thought is not a fact or a reflection of who I am.

As you read through the seven styles, you may recognize yourself in one, several, or all of them. The goal is never to perfectly categorize your overthinking. Instead, it is to use this as a tool to understand the patterns your mind tends to fall into or move between.

Once you can recognize your overthinking style, you can begin to step out of it or respond to it in a more helpful way by finding the right strategies for that specific pattern. The next time you find yourself in a spiral, ask yourself: What style of overthinking is this? That question alone is often enough to interrupt the mental loop and bring you back to yourself and the moment. That moment of recognition might seem small, but it is often the first real step out of autopilot and back into control of your own mind.

The person who wrote this used to celebrate only spending a day overthinking one situation. Now it usually does not even last that long. The main difference is that they can notice it much earlier and recognize it for what it is: a familiar overthinking style rather than something they need to solve or fix.